India's China Syndrome
The first major test of the Indian armed forces came in 1962 when India was involved in a border conflict with China. In 1914, an Englishman, Sir Arthur Haney McMahon tried to define the border between India and Tibet (China) on the highest watershed principle. The effort was only partially successful, as the central Chinese government of that time did not ratify the agreement. In the late 1950s, the border dispute between India and China (who had incorporated Tibet) started simmering. Some border posts were set up by the Chinese; India considered it as incursions in Indian territory.
Also read: A British private company, raised a private army to conquer India!
Around October 1962, Jawaharlal Nehru gave a public statement that he had asked the armed forces to get the offensive posts vacated. In the event, it appears that China took the initiative. Before the Indians could act, the Chinese attacked over the Eastern border. Skirmishes also occurred in the Western (Ladakh) region, where the Indian troops gave an extremely good account of themselves.
The actual reasons for the 1962 debacle were: Failure of higher direction and control at Army HQs and Ministry of Defense, Almost total failure of generalship at the field level, and Failure of the troops to do what they are trained and expected to do, i.e. ‘stand up and fight’.
But in the East, the Indian army, for some inexplicable reason, failed to offer any credible resistance. There were unconfirmed reports of battalions and even perhaps a brigade, giving up their positions (hard facts are difficult to come by). The Chinese forces advanced with extra-ordinary ease. It was not the defeat, but the manner of defeat which was most humiliating. Matters were made worst by the Chinese declaring a unilateral ceasefire on 21 November 1962; the Chinese withdrew to their original positions.
The Indian nation was staggered beyond belief; no one had imagined that such a situation could develop. The great visionary Nehru himself was forced to declare that they had been living in a dream world of their own making. Nehru could not survive the shock, suffered a stroke and died in 1964.
After the great debacle, the market was awash with books mostly written by (defeated) generals and Intelligence top brass, whose failures in the first instance had resulted in the disastrous situation. Their first (in fact only) priority was to blame everyone else, except themselves. There was a liberal use of words like ‘if’ and ‘but‘. Over the centuries, Indian (read Hindu) commanders never learnt the basic lesson that ‘victory’ speaks for itself and does not have to rely on ‘ifs’ and ‘buts’.
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Every type and manner of imaginary and untenable excuses were trotted out for the defeat and the humiliation, e.g.:
— Lack of Intelligence
— Lack of acclimatization
— Shortage of equipment; proper (winter) clothing and boots were stressed
—Inadequacy of all types and manner of resources
The (trusting) Indian public was led to believe that the troops could not fight due to inadequacy of equipment; till date (2009), most Indians believe that that was the case. That it was not so is proven by the fact that the Indian troops fought well on the Western front, where the winter was much more severe.
It was in keeping with that mindset that Admiral Sureesh Mehta, serving Chief of the Naval Staff, and Chairman of the ‘Chiefs of Staff Committee’ made a statement on 10 August 2009. He went on to publicly proclaim that India was no match for China and the gap was so wide that it was unbridgeable. What an admirable self-goal to be achieved by the Admiral?
At this stage, it would be relevant to record some views of Napoleon Bonaparte, the great French general. Napoleon was made a major-general at the age of 26, and given command of some 40,000 French troops, one of the most ill-equipped army of those days. Napoleon was asked to conquer Northern Italy, which France had been trying to occupy unsuccessfully, for a century or so. There were some two hundred thousand Italian and Austrian troops in Northern Italy at that time. Napoleon addressed his troops with words somewhat on the following lines — ‘I know you have neither food nor clothing, nor boots; but, we are going to win in any case’. (These are not his exact words, but only convey the sense.) Napoleon went on to conquer Northern Italy with that army. The moral of the story is that generals may fight many times with adequate equipment; but sometimes they may have to do that with inadequate equipment. That is the nature of war, which must be won under all circumstances.
The actual reasons for the 1962 debacle were:
- Failure of higher direction and control at Army HQs and Ministry of Defense
- Almost total failure of generalship at the field level
- Failure of the troops to do what they are trained and expected to do, i.e. ‘stand up and fight’.
The writer is aware that he would be criticized and pilloried for writing the last factor above, which would be projected as a reflection on our gallant soldiers and an effort to break their morale. The writer, however, believes that there must come a time in the history of nations when they must stand up and face ‘cold and hard’ facts, howsoever unpleasant these may be; that requires courage. The remedial actions can start only after such an acceptance of reality.
Understandably, following the debacle, there was turmoil in India; some generals, including the Chief of the Army Staff, were eased out. The Minister of Defense was asked to go. But care was taken not to touch any bureaucrat at the Ministry of Defense. An inquiry was undertaken; but its report was kept under wraps. Soon everything was forgotten and things fell into the earlier easy groove.
Also read: Bureaucratic Mischief with the Military!
The 1962 fiasco was a failure of fundamental and basic nature. It should have called in question everything connected with the armed forces. There was a requirement for a change in the very mindset of the armed forces and its controlling establishment. Wholesale changes of management structure, procedures and training patterns were called for. That is easier said than done; so, we are where we always were, i.e. nowhere. It would be a monumental error to think that we learnt any lesson from the 1962 debacle.
India’s China Syndrome
Caveat: India and China are neighbors, both aspiring to become global powers. The two can go on their aspirational route without having to step on each other’s toes. Nothing that is stated below may be taken to infer that the conflict between the two is unavoidable, or likely.
Presently, India suffers from the China syndrome. In TV debates on China, one sees a galaxy of retired diplomats and generals, and other busy-bodies; they are undoubtedly a set of most prescient men of India. What happens in TV studios is series of tired monologues symptomatic of a nation without any iron in its soul. The primary emphasis is to project China as some sort of a super military power. All sort of dooms-day scenarios are painted for India. That is just a manifestation of the Indian (read Hindu) ‘defeatist mindset’, in this case linked to the 1962 defeat.
Bharat (India) is suffering from a besieged psyche and psychology of victimhood. We are happy to project ourselves as victims.
The root of the 1962 debacle lay in the failure of the Indian army to put up a fight against the Chinese in the Eastern sector. As that was too shameful to be publicly admitted, a propaganda war was unleashed to project China as a vastly superior military machine, against which we could not have succeeded, even if we had tried. Attributes were assigned to the Chinese army, which it did not posses. The following types of deceptively disguised statements were let out:
- Chinese came in wave after wave — what could we possibly do?
- Chinese had vastly superior armaments.
- Their Generals out-foxed ours.
- We were shivering with cold.
The media, always hungry for news, picked up the theme and started playing it around, with a degree of vehemence. At the same time, (defeated) generals came out with a series of books, plugging the same line, i.e. projecting the Chinese army as a ‘super human’ one. The Government refused to give the authentic version. Even after about half a century, the official Henderson Brooks Inquiry report is under wraps.
The bitter truth is that the above types of statements were substantially untrue; in fact, most were patently false. There is no evidence to support the oft-repeated theory that the Chinese came in waves. It is highly unlikely that the Chinese had an overwhelming numerical superiority. For all we know, overall numbers might have been even in our favor; at least should have been. We were fighting in our own backyard.
However, the general public had no option but to believe the make-believe stories told to them by the media and the books penned by the generals. The result was that over time, the concept of the (perceived) superiority of the Chinese army got lodged in our subconscious. It was in keeping with that mindset that Admiral Sureesh Mehta, serving Chief of the Naval Staff, and Chairman of the ‘Chiefs of Staff Committee’ made a statement on 10 August 2009. He went on to publicly proclaim that India was no match for China and the gap was so wide that it was unbridgeable. What an admirable self-goal to be achieved by the Admiral?
Now, there is nothing new or novel about our investing our adversaries and tormentors, with super human attributes. We have been doing that from the days of the Ghaznis and Ghauris, Baburs and Abdalis. The sad and bitter truth is that we were always defeated in our conflicts with invading armies. Our response was to project those upstarts as masters of ‘vastly superior military machines’, against which we could not have succeeded. We had the following types of thought processes, even if we might not have made formal statements to that effect:
- Oh, Ghazni was a great Sultan; he was even a greater general; we stood no chance against him.
- Prithviraj had let Ghauri go after capturing him (as per our version). Ghauri did not reciprocate that act of kindness. How mean of him!
- Abdali was ruthless, and always winning. What could we have done?
- Clive was a civilian clerk. He had no business to turn himself into a great general, and start defeating Indian generals.
The refrain of our argument throughout history has been somewhat on the following lines:
‘Defeat was really not our fault; they (our tormentors) were just too powerful.’
Bharat is suffering from a besieged psyche and psychology of victimhood. We are happy to project ourselves as victims. Let us explain by an example. In July–August 2009, the Indian Prime Minister issued a joint statement with his Pakistani counterpart. The statement contained a line that the Pakistan Prime Minister said that they had some threat perception in Balochistan, a border province of theirs. There was no reference, not even a remote one, that that threat was from India.
With that type of mindset, we are projecting China as a sort of super power. No doubt, China is a formidable military machine; but, so are we.
But all hell broke loose in India. The main Opposition Party, the BJP, walked out of Parliament, and went to complain to the President. Their contention was that Pakistan was trying to imply that that threat could be from the Indian Intelligence Agency R&AW, and that any such suggestion was preposterous. India can never do such a thing; we are a paragon of morality, and satya (truth). In any case, we are ahmisic (non-violent), and worshippers of shanti (peace). So, how can anybody dare imply to the contrary? We are the quiescent type; we cannot be active. We have never been the doers; only things have been done to us. We can only be victims; we are not used to any other role. That was the pith of their protestation and argument.
With that type of mindset, we are projecting China as a sort of super power. No doubt, China is a formidable military machine; but, so are we. Bharat is a humongous country, and is no push over. Being an ex Air Force man, the author would like to record his opinion that our three major weapon systems in Mirages, Mig 29, and Su 31 are the most formidable. In fact, awesome may be a more appropriate word, keeping in view our capability for mid-air refueling. These are amongst the best weapon systems in the world; and so are the men manning these machines. It is possible (but not necessary) that we need some additional numbers. The numbers will get looked after in due course; that aspect need not be over emphasized. The author also ventures to say that the Indian army is also generally well equipped; their T 90 tanks are among the best in the world, and so are the Bofor guns. Upgradation of weapon systems is a continuous process; we do not have to emphasize that in an out-of-the-way fashion, and project that as our weakness.
Let us have a look around. China has some 15 countries around its periphery. With the exception of Russia, all those countries are small; in fact, some are tiny. If those countries were to go by the Indian example, they would have no reason even to exist. Their faces would be forever bereft of a smile; but, we know that that is not the case. Those countries are living with honor and dignity. We have the example of the tiny Vietnam standing up to the formidable Chinese army.
Nothing stated above should be taken to mean that we ignore or sleep over external threats to our security. Rather, those threats should be the main focus of our national attention, which presently, these are not. But for that, we do not have to beat our chest in public over our perceived weaknesses, especially at the official (including highest Defence) levels. India is a big country, it must learn to think and act big. The Indian Armed Forces are capable of taking on any world class military machine, provided we can get our mental act together; some 90% of our problems is in our mind.1 It may be relevant to quote an Urdu couplet here:
Khud hi ko ker buland itna Raise yourself to a level,
Ki her taqdir se pehle Above all others;
Khuda bande se khud puchhe So, God himself will ask
Bta teri raza kya hai Tell me, what do you wish to be?
Note:
1. Of course, problems of the mind are almost impossible to tackle.
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I hope that the time has come to completely review our foreign policy.Our government must stop extending helping hands to Junta rulers in Burma and rather resort to extend diplomatic assistance to Aung san suu kyi.Once if Democracy is restored, then after Myanmar will never move on fostering its relations with China.Until then India should freeze all sorts of diplomatic relations with Myanmar and the Burmese diplomats should be expelled from India.This way we can counter balance the rising anti-Indianist regime in our east.On the south,India should no longer keep supporting the racist regime in Sri lanka.India should disclose how innocent tamils were ruthlessly killed by Lankan army.India should also constitute a committee to supervise the construction of the so-called 'harbour' in Hambantota.India should halt its financial assistance of $ 800 millions extended to Sri Lanka.A Naval task force should be formed comprising India's front line warships to counter the pro-human assaults of Lankan navy on Indian fishermen.The task force should also be empowered to fire at will on Lankan naval vessels if they transgress into our EEZ.India can exert its influence over SL in a way that it could create a feeling of terror in Lankan minds.India should formulate her Maritime agenda in order to establish unchallenged supremacy in Indian ocean region.This way we can reverse ocean-borne security challenge in our South.On the west India should have to closely engage with Afghan on economic fronts so as to pose a formidable threat to Pakistan from its west
Pakistan is 7/8 smaller in size and econnomy but easily threatens India.China in other hand is only 2.5 time bigger in size and economy and also threatens India.So whats going on? Whose fault is it?Its the fault of India which is a cry baby.Learn to respect yourself, everything will change.
Sir i would like to point out to you that that the most indisciplined people in Uniform are the AIR FORCE Troops.They never move as a body for fighting and it is only the fighter jet pilots who fight a war for the Air force.The concept of command and control is the weakest in the Air Force .The Pilots are the only ones at risk.As regards your chopper pilots everyone knows why we had to raise the Aviation Corps.It was because Air force Pilots would not even want to fly to evacuate medical casualties in the Glacier.Even when the Maoists killed so many CRPF men in Dantewada the Air force pilots refused to fly their choppers for evacuation of casualties ,The casualties were evacuated by a civil chopper, I can send you an article posted by an IPS officer on the net on this issue if you so desire..As per info on the net the matter was reported by the Home Min to MOD.To set the record straight the culture of the Air Force will need the greatest change in the event of a future conflict scenario.
Finally someone with the guts to tell the truth.The weak psychosis of the armed forces is visible everyday....2 terrorists pitted against the so called professional armed forces and the gun fight goes on for 2 days and then the house in which the terrorists were holed up, is blown!!!Look at the time taken by the NSG commandos to kill the terrorists during the Mumbai Taj attack... it was shameful performance!
Why is the president of India's number one enemy country being received in India? Have India's nigger-shjt media people reported on what I have said below?India's nigger-slave service chiefs, ministers, etc. are constantly talking of threats from India's 'neighbors'. But the United States is EVERYBODY's neighbor. It has already invaded and occupied Afghanistan, a part of traditional India and will expand its occupation to the rest of the subcontinent.Was Britain India's neighbor? I am India's expert in strategic defence and the father of India's strategic program, including the Integrated Guided Missile Development Program. The U.S. invasion of Afghanistan means the coast-to-coast destruction of the U.S. by India; see my blog titled 'Nuclear Supremacy For India Over U.S.' which can be found by a Yahoo search with the title for steps I have already taken for the nuclear destruction of New Delhi and then the coast-to-coast destruction of the U.S. and extermination of its population.Russia and other white countries are U.S. allies. These are the enemies to destroy. All other enemies will be taken care of automatically.Conventional arms are worthless for destroying the United Sates. Nuclear arms to destroy the United States with a FIRST STRIKE -- this is the key -- are cheap and easy to produce with technology India already has. Prepositioning by its special forces a couple of nuclear bombs in Washington and New York and letting the world know we have done so will give India freedom to test thermonuclear weapons designs, ICBMs, etc., as much as it wants, though India already has this freedom but for the nigger-slaves. Alte atively, twenty kiloton bombs can be prepositioned in the largest U.S. cities and then Washington and New York destroyed with the wa ing that additional U.S. cities will be destroyed if there is any retaliation. The nuclear destruction of New Delhi -- without waiting -- is all that is needed to make India win.Satish Chandra
You should admire the "realism" of Admiral Suresh Mehta that instead of being under-equipped and pretending to be happy, he openly pointed out weaknesses. It was the same silly psychology and bravado you profess that led to 1962. Anyone who understands his weakness and works harder to do better is a winner, but the one who gets drunk on a few strengths is a loser walking into defeat. The one mantra that should be taught in the military is, "Never give up, Never surrender." If the boys are brainwashed everyday and the culture of the armed forces is developed to be strong from the ground up, I see no reason for anyone to develop any syndromes or pee in front of the enemy.
Great article. The author seems to have got to the root of the problem with the Indian nation and the Indian army. When he specifically points to Indian (“Hindu”) generals, he appears to be mostly right.Hindus have historiaclly been peacefu, victims, and lea t to live with defeat and suffering, rather than stand up and fight and make sacrifices. Physical fights are frights to most Indians who generally dread it.If India had Muslim population and Pakistan had Hindu population, would Hindu Pakistan even talk about taking Kashmir back or threaten the much larger Muslim India? It is a matter of mindset. Muslims have been conquering India for centuries and they still feel confident in challenging India. In response, India has been unable to do anything even though it is bleeding and losing its men and money. It is once again fear in the minds of our politicians, people, and perhaps also the men in uniform. Courageous chiefs of the armed forces and officers who exudeconfidence and ability need to lead the armed forces.I read in a magazine/newspaper in India that during 1965 war, the chief of the army, Gen. Choudhary, wanted the army to withdraw behind Beas river leaving huge areas of Punjab to the Pakistan army. However, the (Sikh) general, Lt Gen. Harbaksh Singh, commanding the weste command wanted to fight back the Pakistani army rather that retreat and persuaded the then Defence minister to let him do that. I remember when the Indian army moved toward the border near Dera Baba Nanak, people came out on to roads with great enthusiasm and loud cries of “Jo Bole So Nihal, Sat Sri Akal” and garlanded soldiers and their tanks. Villagers cooked soldiers’ favorite foods and took to them right in their trenches. I feel that the Sikhpsyche is different; it is to “win” or “die” in battle. The towering personality of Guru Gobind Singh continues to guide the Sikh psyche even today. This is what Guru Gobind Singh said “Deh Shiva bar mohe ihe, shubh karman te kabhun na taru
As much as Mr. Nehra tried to debunk "established versions" of stories of events around 1962 - he continues to propagate one - that of Nehru's "death". Please explain how the defeat of 1962 caused a stroke TWO years later in 1964 that led to the last Englishman's death ?
Good article sir. India's defeatist psyche has been read bay many - including Ayub Khan. Thank you for spelling it out so clearly.
If we all work hard with honesty at our respective jobs with a confident and positive mindset , no one can ever be a threat to our Bharat.I agree with you Air Marshal Nehra thatKhud hi ko ker buland itna Raise yourself to a level,Ki her taqdir se pehle Above all others;Khuda bande se khud puchhe So, God himself will askBta teri raza kya hai Tell me, what do you wish to be?
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